This article reviews the causes of pain after cesarean section and nursing countermeasures, and analyzes the risk factors that induce postoperative pain, and explains the causes of pain in terms of patients" own factors, surgery-related factors and nursing staff. On this basis, effective guidance is provided for puerperae, and it is recommended to provide guidance on pain care in terms of health education, psychological counseling, physical stress response, and selection of analgesic programs, so as to strengthen intervention and improve prognosis. Through the application of the above pain nursing measures, the recovery process of the patients was accelerated, the quality of life of the puerpera was improved, and a valuable reference was provided for clinical nursing in obstetrics.